What Are The Roles And Functions Of Photovoltaic Inverters?
Jul 18, 2024
ltaic array system and can be used with general AC-powered equipment. As a conversion device for photovoltaic power stations, the photovoltaic inverter plays an important role in the entire power station.
The role of photovoltaic inverters
The photovoltaic inverter converts the DC power generated by the photovoltaic module into a sine wave current, connects to the load or integrates it into the power grid. It is the core device in the photovoltaic power station system. It can convert the variable DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into AC power (AC) inverter at the mains frequency, which can be fed back to the commercial power transmission system or used for off-grid power grids.
The function of photovoltaic inverters
The photovoltaic inverter not only has the DC-AC conversion function, but also has active operation and shutdown functions, maximum power tracking MPPT functions, island effect detection and control functions, grid detection and grid connection functions, and zero (low) voltage ride-through functions.
1. Active operation and shutdown function
After sunrise in the morning, the intensity of solar radiation gradually increases, and the output of solar cells also increases accordingly. When the output power required by the inverter task is reached, the inverter will automatically start to operate. After entering operation, the inverter will monitor the output of the solar cell module at all times. As long as the output power of the solar cell module is greater than the output power required by the inverter task, the inverter will continue to operate; until sunset, the inverter can operate even on rainy days. When the output of the solar cell module decreases and the inverter output is close to 0, the inverter will enter the standby state.
2. Maximum power tracking MPPT function
When the sunshine intensity and ambient temperature change, the input power of the photovoltaic module shows nonlinear changes. The photovoltaic module is neither a constant voltage source nor a constant current source. Its power changes with the output voltage and has nothing to do with the load. Its output current is a horizontal line at the beginning as the voltage increases. When it reaches a certain power, it decreases as the voltage increases. When it reaches the open circuit voltage of the module, the current drops to zero.
3. Detection and control function of island effect
During normal power generation, the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is connected to the power grid and transmits effective power to the power grid. However, when the power grid loses power, the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system may continue to work and be in an independent operation state with the local load. This phenomenon is called the island effect. When the inverter has an island effect, it will cause great safety hazards to personal safety, power grid operation, and the inverter itself. Therefore, the inverter access standard stipulates that the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter must have the detection and control function of the island effect.
4. Power grid detection and grid connection function
Before grid-connected power generation, the grid-connected inverter needs to take power from the grid, detect the voltage, frequency, phase sequence and other parameters of the power grid, and then adjust its own power generation parameters to synchronize with the grid parameters. Only after completion will it be connected to the grid for power generation.
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