What Are The Working Modes Of Solar Photovoltaic Energy Storage Systems?
Jul 31, 2024
Photovoltaic power sources are different from traditional power sources. Their output power changes dramatically with changes in environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature, and is uncontrollable. Therefore, if photovoltaic power generation is to replace traditional energy sources to achieve large-scale grid-connected power generation, its impact on the power grid cannot be ignored.
Photovoltaic power generation has the characteristics of high output level in the short period of noon, low output level in other periods, and output during the day and no output at night. Energy storage technology has the characteristics of being able to achieve time and space translation of electric energy. Energy storage rooms are configured for photovoltaic power stations to transfer the photovoltaic output at noon to other periods, reduce the output peak of the power station, and reduce the abandonment of light.
During the operation of the battery energy storage system, the principle is to minimize the number of charge and discharge times of the energy storage system to extend the service life of the energy storage system. During the peak period of photovoltaic power generation, the battery energy storage system is controlled to charge and reduce the peak output of the photovoltaic power station. After the peak period of photovoltaic power generation, the battery energy storage system is controlled to discharge. The discharge control of the energy storage system can help smooth the volatility of photovoltaic output and assist the system in peak regulation to maximize the role of energy storage. According to the different functions of energy storage discharge, the energy storage system can be divided into three working modes, namely peak shaving, peak shaving + smoothing and peak shaving + transfer.
Working mode 1: Peak shaving
During the peak output period of the photovoltaic power station, the battery energy storage system is controlled to charge with peak shaving as the application target. After the peak output period of the photovoltaic power station, and during the photovoltaic daytime output period, the battery energy storage system is controlled to amplify the power and discharge to the lower limit of the battery energy storage system SOE working range. Then the energy storage system stops working to ensure that the working time of the energy storage system is within the power generation time of the photovoltaic power station, without adding extra working time to the photovoltaic power station, and reducing the impact of the configuration of the energy storage system on the working arrangement of the photovoltaic power station.
Working mode 2: Peak shaving + smoothing
During the peak output period of the photovoltaic power station, the battery energy storage system is controlled to charge with peak shaving as the application target. The output fluctuation of large-scale photovoltaic power stations can be divided into two categories. One is the slow change of the output of the photovoltaic power station, such as the periodic change of the output of the photovoltaic power station caused by the alternation of day and night; the other is the sudden change of the output of the photovoltaic power station, such as the sudden drop of the output of the photovoltaic power station caused by floating clouds. The first round of changes is large, but the changes are slow; the second type of changes is unpredictable and sudden. In severe cases, the output is reduced from full power to less than 30% of the rated value within 1~2s. After the peak period of photovoltaic output, the energy storage system is controlled to discharge with the goal of smoothing the downward fluctuation of the photovoltaic power station output during the alternation of day and night, and discharge to the lower limit of the SOE working range of the battery energy storage system. If it has entered nighttime and the output of the photovoltaic power station is reduced to 0, the SOE of the energy storage system is still greater than 0.2. The energy storage system is controlled to discharge at the rated power constant power until the SOE is about to reach 0.2, and then the energy storage system is controlled to stop working.
Working mode three: peak shaving + transfer
During the peak output period of the photovoltaic power station, the battery energy storage system is controlled to charge with peak shaving as the application goal. The output period of the photovoltaic power station is 8:30~18:30, and the evening peak load occurs between 18:00~22:00. During this period, the photovoltaic power station has basically no output. The battery energy storage system can be controlled to discharge to assist the system in peak load regulation. In order to reduce the number of actions of the energy storage system and simplify the operation of the battery energy storage system, the battery energy storage system is controlled to discharge at a constant power, and the discharge is at the lower limit of the battery energy storage system SOE working range, and then the energy storage system stops working.
As the proportion of photovoltaic power generation systems in the power grid continues to increase, its impact on the power grid must be effectively managed to ensure safe and reliable power supply. The application of energy storage systems in photovoltaic power generation systems can solve the problem of unbalanced power supply in photovoltaic power generation systems to meet the needs of normal operation. Energy storage systems are crucial to the stable operation of photovoltaic power stations. Energy storage systems not only ensure the stability and reliability of the system, but are also an effective way to solve dynamic power quality problems such as voltage pulses, inrush currents, voltage drops, and instantaneous power supply interruptions.
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