Briefly Describe The Role Of Photovoltaic Inverters In Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems
Jul 04, 2024
Inverters are devices that convert direct current into alternating current. Solar cells generate direct current under sunlight, and the power stored in batteries is also direct current. However, direct current power supply systems have great limitations. Fluorescent lamps, televisions, refrigerators, electric fans and other AC loads in daily life cannot be powered by direct current power supplies. If photovoltaic power generation is to be widely used in our daily lives, inverters that can convert direct current into alternating current are indispensable.
As an important part of photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic inverters mainly convert direct current emitted by photovoltaic modules into alternating current. Inverters not only have direct-to-alternating current conversion functions, but also have functions to maximize the performance of solar cells and system fault protection functions. The following is a brief introduction to the automatic operation and shutdown functions and maximum power tracking control functions of photovoltaic inverters.
1. Maximum power tracking control function
The output of solar cell modules varies with the intensity of solar radiation and the temperature of the solar cell modules themselves (chip temperature). In addition, since solar cell modules have the characteristic that voltage decreases as current increases, there is an optimal working point for obtaining maximum power. The intensity of solar radiation is changing, and obviously the optimal working point is also changing. In relation to these changes, the working point of the solar cell module is always kept at the maximum power point, and the system always obtains the maximum power output from the solar cell module. This control is the maximum power tracking control. The biggest feature of the inverter used in the solar power generation system is that it includes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function.
2. Automatic operation and shutdown function
After sunrise in the morning, the intensity of solar radiation gradually increases, and the output of the solar cell also increases accordingly. When the output power required for the inverter to work is reached, the inverter automatically starts to run. After entering the operation, the inverter will monitor the output of the solar cell module at all times. As long as the output power of the solar cell module is greater than the output power required for the inverter to work, the inverter will continue to operate; until the sunset is shut down, the inverter can operate even on rainy days. When the output of the solar cell module becomes smaller and the inverter output is close to 0, the inverter will form a standby state.
In addition to the two functions described above, the photovoltaic inverter also has functions such as anti-single operation function (for grid-connected system), automatic voltage adjustment function (for grid-connected system), DC detection function (for grid-connected system), and DC grounding detection function (for grid-connected system). In the solar power generation system, the efficiency of the inverter is an important factor in determining the capacity of solar cells and batteries.
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