What Are The Functions Of Photovoltaic Inverters? The Role Of Inverters In Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems
May 30, 2024
The principle of solar photovoltaic power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electrical energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interfaces. The key component of this technology is solar cells. Solar cells are packaged and protected in series to form large-area solar cell modules, and then combined with power controllers, etc. to form photovoltaic power generation devices. The whole process is called a photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic power generation system consists of solar cell arrays, battery packs, charge and discharge controllers, solar photovoltaic inverters, junction boxes and other equipment.
Why use inverters in solar photovoltaic power generation systems?
An inverter is a device that converts direct current into alternating current. Solar cells generate direct current under sunlight, and the power stored in the battery is also direct current, but the direct current 
power supply system has great limitations. Fluorescent lamps, televisions, refrigerators, electric fans and other AC loads in daily life cannot be powered by direct current power supplies. If photovoltaic power generation is to be widely used in our daily lives, inverters that can convert direct current into alternating current are indispensable.
As an important part of photovoltaic power generation, the photovoltaic inverter mainly converts the direct current emitted by
photovoltaic modules into alternating current. The inverter not only has the function of DC-AC conversion, but also has the function of maximizing the performance of solar cells and the system fault protection function. The following is a brief introduction to the automatic operation and shutdown function and the maximum power tracking control function of the photovoltaic inverter.
1. Maximum power tracking control function
The output of the solar cell module changes with the intensity of solar radiation and the temperature of the solar cell module itself (chip temperature). In addition, since the solar cell module has the characteristic that the voltage decreases as the current increases, there is an optimal working point that can obtain the maximum power. The intensity of solar radiation is changing, and obviously the optimal working point is also changing. In relation to these changes, the working point of the solar cell module is always kept at the maximum power point, and the system always obtains the maximum power output from the solar cell module. This control is the maximum power tracking control. The biggest feature of the inverter used in the solar power generation system is that it includes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function.
2. Automatic operation and shutdown function
After sunrise in the morning, the intensity of solar radiation gradually increases, and the output of the solar cell also increases accordingly. When the output power required for the inverter to work is reached, the inverter automatically starts to operate. After entering operation, the inverter will monitor the output of the solar cell module at all times. As long as the output power of the solar cell module is greater than the output power required for the inverter to work, the inverter will continue to operate until sunset. The inverter can operate even on rainy days. When the output of the solar cell module becomes smaller and the inverter output is close to 0, the inverter will enter a standby state.
In addition to the two functions introduced above, the photovoltaic inverter also has functions such as anti-separate operation function (for grid-connected system), automatic voltage adjustment function (for grid-connected system), DC detection function (for grid-connected system), and DC grounding detection function (for grid-connected system). In the solar power generation system, the efficiency of the inverter is an important factor in determining the capacity of the solar cell and the battery.
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