What Are The General Types Of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems?
May 22, 2024
Solar photovoltaic power generation systems are generally divided into five types according to different application scenarios: grid-connected power generation systems, off-grid power generation systems, off-grid energy storage systems, grid-connected energy storage systems and multi-energy hybrid microgrid systems.
1. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
The photovoltaic grid-connected system consists of photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic grid-connected inverters, photovoltaic meters, loads, two-way meters, grid-connected cabinets and power grids. The photovoltaic modules generate direct current from light and are converted into alternating current through the inverter to supply the load and feed into the grid. There are two main Internet access modes for grid-connected photovoltaic systems, one is "self-use and surplus electricity is connected to the Internet", and the other is "full Internet access".
Generally, distributed photovoltaic power generation systems mainly adopt the "self-consumption and surplus power grid" mode. The power generated by the solar cells is given priority to the load. When the load cannot be used up, the excess power is sent to the power grid. When the power supplied to the load is not enough, the power grid and Photovoltaic systems can supply power to loads simultaneously.
2. Off-grid photovoltaic power generation system
Off-grid photovoltaic power generation systems do not rely on the power grid and operate independently. They are generally used in remote mountainous areas, areas without electricity, islands, communication base stations and street lights. The system generally consists of photovoltaic modules, solar controllers, inverters, batteries, loads, etc. The off-grid power generation system converts solar energy into electrical energy when there is light, supplies power to the load through the solar control inverter integrated machine, and charges the battery at the same time; when there is no light, the battery supplies power to the AC load through the inverter.
It is very practical for areas without power grid or areas with frequent power outages.
3. Off-grid photovoltaic energy storage system
Off-grid photovoltaic power generation systems are widely used in places where there are frequent power outages, or where photovoltaic power cannot be used online for self-use, the price of self-consumption electricity is much more expensive than the on-grid electricity price, and the peak electricity price is much more expensive than the trough electricity price.
The system consists of photovoltaic components, solar and off-grid all-in-one machine, battery, load, etc. The photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electrical energy when there is light, and supplies power to the load through the solar control inverter all-in-one machine, while charging the battery; when there is no light, the battery supplies power to the solar control inverter all-in-one machine, and then to the AC load power supply.
Compared with the grid-connected power generation system, this system adds a charge and discharge controller and a battery. When the grid is out of power, the photovoltaic system can continue to work, and the inverter can switch to off-grid working mode to supply power to the load.
4. Grid-connected energy storage photovoltaic power generation system
The grid-connected energy storage photovoltaic power generation system can store excess power generation and increase the proportion of self-consumption. The system consists of photovoltaic modules, solar controllers, batteries, grid-connected inverters, current detection devices, loads, etc. When the solar power is less than the load power, the system is powered by solar energy and the grid together. When the solar power is greater than the load power, part of the solar energy supplies power to the load, and part of it stores the unused electricity through the controller.
5. Microgrid system
Microgrid is a new type of network structure, a power distribution network composed of distributed power sources, loads, energy storage systems and control devices. Distributed energy can be converted into electrical energy locally and then supplied to local loads nearby. Microgrid is an autonomous system capable of self-control, protection and management. It can operate in parallel with the external power grid or in isolation.
Microgrid effectively combines multiple types of distributed power sources to realize the complementarity of multiple energy sources and improve energy utilization. It can fully promote the large-scale access of distributed power sources and renewable energy and achieve highly reliable supply of various energy forms to the load. It is an effective way to realize an active distribution network and is the transition from traditional power grid to smart grid.
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