Analysis of The Application Status and Development Trend of Advanced Welding Technology in The Field of New Energy Vehicles

 

In recent years, with the advancement and development of new energy technologies, the manufacturing level of new energy vehicles has also been improved. As an important part of the automobile manufacturing industry, the new energy automobile manufacturing industry is no longer satisfied with traditional welding technology but has replaced it with new technologies. To this end, this paper analyzes the application of emerging welding technologies such as stir friction welding, cold metal transfer welding, and laser welding in the new energy automobile industry, and looks forward to the development trend of welding technology in the new energy automobile industry.

 

 

 

 

 

Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles have higher safety, energy efficiency, and environmental protection performance. Their manufacturing involves a variety of materials and structures, including lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy, carbon fiber, fiberglass, and various electrical components. In the production and manufacturing process of new energy vehicles, welding technology is a crucial link.

 

Welding, also known as fusion, refers to the processing technology of atomic bonding between metals or non-metals or between metals and non-metals by heating pressurizing, or both. As a key link in the manufacturing of new energy vehicles, choosing a suitable welding process is of great significance to the production of new energy vehicles.

 

Combined with the general trend of dataization, automation, and integration of modern scientific and technological development, various new welding technologies have emerged and been applied, which has greatly improved the welding level and made the emergence of higher-quality welding products possible. At present, new technologies such as cold metal transfer welding and laser welding used at home and abroad have promoted the rapid progress of the new energy vehicle manufacturing industry.

 

 

Laser welding technology is a high-energy electron beam welding method. Its heat source is a laser beam with high energy density. As a high-energy-density electromagnetic wave, a laser has the characteristics of high focusing, high straightness, and high controllability. In the laser welding process, the laser energy is first focused on the welding area on the surface of the workpiece, and the surface of the workpiece is heated to the melting point or vaporization point to form a molten pool.

 

Subsequently, the workpiece to be welded is aligned with the welding position, and the two workpiece molten pools are fused under appropriate pressure and protective gas conditions. Because its laser has a large degree of freedom in the material, shape, size, and processing environment of the processed object.

 

The spatial controllability and time controllability of the laser are easy to control, making it suitable for automated operation. Moreover, based on the high energy density and high focus of the laser, laser welding can achieve high-speed, high-precision, and high-quality welding effects. At present, laser welding technology has received extremely high attention all over the world. Countless companies and institutions have invested in related research, and the technical level has developed rapidly.

 

 

 

 

Additive manufacturing technology is a technology that uses high-energy laser beams to melt metal powder to form complex structural metal parts. It is divided into laser selective melting (SLM) and laser direct deposition. Laser selective melting is based on the principle of layered superposition manufacturing, using high-energy laser beams to melt metal powder layer by layer to form complex structural metal parts.

 

Based on the existing 3D data of the part, a scanning path is generated. The equipment controls the laser beam to selectively melt each layer of metal powder material according to the scanning path and gradually stack it into a three-dimensional part. Laser direct deposition is a laser that shoots downward from the top of the weld joint along the axis direction, near the powder focus point, and melts the synchronously emitted powder.

 

At the same time, the weld joint moves according to the scanning trajectory of each layer of the part, and the molten metal liquid completes the formation of a layer of the entity based on the matrix or the previously solidified layer. The computer continues to call in the next layer of graphic scanning data, repeating the above actions, so that it is stacked layer by layer, and finally, a metal part with complete metallurgical bonding is formed.

 

 

As an emerging manufacturing industry, the new energy vehicle industry comprehensively utilizes the advanced technology of domestic manufacturing technology in processing and manufacturing. Welding is required as a connection process in many parts such as batteries, car bodies, motors, etc. Therefore, for the new energy vehicle industry to have more efficient and higher-quality product output, advanced welding technology is irreplaceable.

 

 

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