Power battery cover plate core safety components: OSD, fuse, and explosion-proof valve analysis

The Aluminum cover plate for batteries is the core structure of power battery safety protection, in which the OSD, Fuse, and explosion-proof valve three key components work together to form a multi-level safety protection system covering overcharge, overcurrent, and extreme pressure scenarios. The battery cover plate, through mechanical action and electrical protection linkage, starts protection step by step in case of abnormal working conditions of the battery, effectively avoiding serious risks such as thermal runaway, fire, explosion, etc. It is a key configuration to ensure the safe operation of the battery, the whole vehicle, and the energy storage system. As the core protective carrier of the battery, its component matching and performance design directly determine the overall safety level of the power battery, and also fully reflect the safety value of the LFP safety cover set.

OSD, also known as the overcharge safety protection device or flip sheet, is the core mechanical triggering component in Power battery cover plates to address battery overcharging issues. When the battery is overcharged causing internal gas production and pressure to rise to 0.4-0.5MPa, the OSD flip chip will move upward and come into contact with the negative conductive block, quickly forming a short-circuit circuit and providing triggering conditions for subsequent circuit disconnection. This component achieves precise triggering through a pure mechanical structure, forming a collaborative protection mechanism with Fuse, and can respond stably without electrical control. It is the first active safety level for Battery aluminum safety cover set to achieve overcharge protection.

Fuse is a fuse protection structure that mainly undertakes the functions of current overload and circuit disconnection. It is usually integrated on the positive connection piece of Top lid for prismatic battery cells, and is often designed with special structures such as narrow necks to accurately control the fuse position. After triggering the OSD to form a short circuit, thousands of amperes of high current will be generated in the circuit. Fuse can be melted instantly by heat, completely cutting off the main circuit of the battery and preventing the battery from continuing to overcharge or internal short circuit. Whether it is overcharge linkage protection or direct short-circuit overcurrent fault, Fuse can quickly block danger and is an important electrical safety guarantee component in Copper and aluminum bimetal bipolar plates.

The explosion-proof valve, as the last passive safety protection component on the Aluminum battery box cover, is mainly used to achieve physical pressure relief in extreme high-pressure scenarios and prevent the shell from bursting. It generally adopts aluminum sheets with scratches or multi-layer composite structures, which can accurately rupture within the set pressure range. When OSD, Fuse fail or the battery experiences serious internal short circuit or thermal runaway, and the internal pressure continues to rise to 0.9-1.0MPa, the explosion-proof valve will rupture in time, releasing internal gases and substances. This design can prevent explosive damage to the battery casing, allowing the Prismatic lithium battery lid include explosion-proof plate to provide ultimate safety protection and minimize the risk of safety accidents.

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